Method of forming bushing structures



Oct. 4, 1938. M. SCHWARTZ 3 L METHOD OF FORMING BUSHING STRUCTURES FiledAug. 3, 1935 Fatenteci Oct. 4, 1938 ITED STATES ATEN METHOD OF FORMINGBUSHING STRUCTURES Application August 3, 1935, Serial No. 34,596

7 Claims.

This invention relates to the method of forming a bushing structure, andhas special reference to the method of forming a bushing structure asemployed particularly in the construction of metallic barrels and othercontainers such as are used for storing or shipping oils'or otherliquids or semi-liquids, the bushing structure being adapted to receivea bung or other stopper means in a fiuid-tight relation.

10 More particularly, this invention relatesto a bushing structurecomprising a main body portion or connecting means formed preferably ofsheet metal for association with a socket formed of sheet metal, thesocket being produced from 35 the barrel wall or other supporting bodywith which it is employed.

The socket with which the connecting means of the present invention isto be associated is formed outwardly from the material surrounding 29 ahole in a supporting wall of the barrel or other container, the socketbeing initially either polygonal or circular in contour and havingstraight or vertically extending side walls. The bushing structure, in acompleted state, has a polygonal contour, and the taper of the oppositeedges when viewed together in cross section converges inwardlyrelatively to the outwardly formed socket. The initially verticallyextending side walls of the socket are formed by suit- 30 able diesagainst the converging edges of the bushing to hold the latter againstdisplacement.

The present invention contemplates the provision of a connecting meansfor receiving in a removable relation therewith a bung or stopper, theconnecting means being preferably formed of sheet material in thefollowing manner: Forming a flanged collar preferably from a strip ofcontinuously fed sheet metal stock in any usual manner and in displacingthe material outlining 9 the peripheral edge of the flange so that theedges have a tapered relation with the main body portion. In otherwords, the material of the flange is so displaced that, when viewed incross 1 section, the edges of the flange convergein an inwardlydirection toward the collar.

usual straight edge of the flange is tapered and given a substantialsurface over which the material of the socket may be formed to securethe bushing in position.

50 Many advantages flow from the use of a sheet metal constructionformed in the manner outlined above. There is a decided saving in thecost of the bushing structure over that bushing oi the solid typeformed, for example, of malleable e5 iron, which latter is one of thecheapest of ma- Thus the terials in practical use today. Such aconstruction is shown in the Henry Schwartz Patent No. 1,822,114,granted September 8, 1931, from which the present construction has beendeveloped. The depth of the socket or embossing of the 5 barrel headstock is reduced considerably, there being approximately a reduction of35%. This is a material factor in the use of the usual barrel materialsince ordinarily such stock will not stand a deep draw.

Likewise the present construction is an improvement over thatconstruction shown in the S01 Schwartz Patent No. 1,961,712, issued June5, 1934, which, although showing a sheet metal bushing, shows a channelconstruction in which the converging edges are bent over from the stockmaterial. There is likewise a reduction of approximately 35% in thedepth of the socket in the .barrel head stock of the present inventionover that of the above mentioned Schwartz Pat- :0 ent No. 1,961,712. Inthis latter noted patent it will be found that at least two thicknessesof material are necessitated at the converging edges because of theseedges being bent over developing a substantial radius at the peripheraledge. Further, in the corners of the octagon shown, the thickness isperhaps greater than at the straightaway edges.

In the present construction the edge, in practice, can be substantiallywithout radius or as 0 sharp as desired so that less material of thebarrel head then has been ordinarily employed in the edging of the aboveinventions may extend farther over the tapered edgesof the presentconstruction.

As will herein be more particularly pointed out, there is a uniformtaper on the peripheral edge completely around the flange since thetapered edge may preferably be displaced by a. rolling or spinningoperation. This peripheral 40 edge, which is initially circular, istrimmed to provide a substantially polygonal shape. although it is notnecessary to use poly onally shaped forming jaws to operate the sidewalls of the socket thereagalnst. As a matter of fact. it has been founddesirable to use circular jaws so that when the operator inserts theflanges, he need not gauge the barrel head in order that the individualoctagon or polygonal jaws register with each polygonal edge.

It hasbeen found to be easier to draw the metal adjacent the socket inthe barrel head over the present converging circular surfaces than overthe usual converging polygonal edges since the latter have sharpprojecting joints. The M socket is preferably formed of the samepolygonal shape as 'the trimmed edges of the flange to registertherewith, although it is not necessary to have polygonally disposedjaws on the forming dies since circular jaws may efiectively urge thewalls of the socket against the inwardly converging edges in such amanner as to prevent rotation therebetween,

A still further advantage of the present bushing construction resides inthe fact that the diameter of the flange may be held true; It has beenfound in the usual formation of bushing structures, such for example asthose of the patents above listed, that a tolerance of from .010 to .020of an inch is necessitated, whereas, in the present construction verylittle tolerance, if any, is necessary, the edges being spun or rolledto the correct diameter.

Other objects and advantages will hereinafter be more particularlypointed out and for a more complete understanding of the characteristicfeatures of this invention, reference may now be had to the accompanyingdrawing, when taken together with the following description, in whichlatter:

Figure 1 is a plan view of an arbor having mounted thereon flangedcollars in an initial state in readiness for the displacing operation;

Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 showing a portion thereof in section,and further showing a plan view of a roller for displacing theperipheral edge of the flange extending from the collar;

Fig. 3 is a plan View of the connecting means after being operated uponby the roller of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. v3 showing a completed connecting meansinserted into a socket formed in a fragmentary portion of the barrelhead; I

Fig. 5 is a central vertical sectional view taken on the line 5-5 ofFig. 4 showing the connecting means in an initial position for assemblyin the socket;

Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 5 showing the connecting meansassembled in the socket;

Fig. '-7 is a sectional view taken on the line 'I of Fig. 6; and

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on the line 8-8 of Fig. 7.

Referring now more particularly to the drawing, a flanged collar l0comprising a flange I9 extending from a cylindrical collar 20, is formedin any usual manner such, for example, as by feeding a strip of sheetmaterial through punch and die mechanisms where the sheet is firstcupped and thereafter a central portion thereof perforated and theperipheral flange thereof cut to the size and circular shape desired.This flanged collar is thereafter disposed on an arbor ll along with oneor more flanged collars, the number of such members to be operated upondepending upon the quantity of production desired. In the presentillustration, the arbor ll comprises an arm l2 extending from a suitablesupport, a stud shaft 13 being secured in an aperture at one end andextending on opposite sides thereof. A pair of washers M are mounted onthe stud shaft adjacent to the arm l2 for holding roller bearings l5 andH5 in a spaced relation, the inner ring of the roller assemblies havingaforced flt on the stud shaft 13 to prevent displacement outwardly of thestud shaft.

The flanged collars I0 are disposed on the roller bearings, the washersl4 extending a short distance beyond the peripheral edge of the rollerbearings to position the flanged collars to be operated upon by adriving roller H. 'The driving roller [1, in turn, comprises a rotatableshaft l8 which, besides being rotatable, is rockable or tiltable in adirection to and from the flange holder. In the present illustration thedriving roller has an enlarged head capable of acting upon two flangedcollars. It is, of course, apparent that any number. of flanged collarsmay be acted upon by such a head since a correct number of grooves 2|accurately spaced may be formed in a head of suflicient length.

Initially, the flanged collars III are provided with straight edges whenthey are cut from sheet metal, that is, the edges are formed at rightangles to the surface of the material by a vertical movement of the die,the flanged collars being mounted in that condition on the flangeholder. The driving roller I1 is thereafter rocked or pivoted from anidling position while rotating into engagement with the flange I9extending from the collar 20. The head of the driving roller is providedwith peripheral substantially V-shaped grooves 2|, one leg of the Vbeing straight to engage the flat surface of the flange, and the otherleg of the V being angularly disposed to eng e the edge of the flange.

The head of the driving roller being rotated and the shaft ill of theroller being urged in a directionagainst the flange, the material of theedge of the flange is displaced into a V-shape to correspond with theshape of the groove of the driving roller. The perpendicular or straightedge of the groove of the driving roller head acts as a backing memberfor one face of the flange and prevents displacement of the edge of theflange in that direction, the displaced material being urged in theopposite direction so that the cross section of the flanged collar willdisclose the edges as converging in a direction toward the collar. amechanical spinning operation, closes the grain of the metal andprovides a hardened surface.

Referring now more particularly to Fig. 3, a top plan of the flangedcollar as operated upon by the driving roller is produced, there being auniform, converging circular surface at the periphery of the flange. Theedge of the converging circular surface is thereafter trimmed at It! bysuitable dies to providea polygonal shape:

' Referring now more particularly to Figs. 4 and 5, a socket 22 isformed outwardly from the material surrounding a hole 23 in a barrelhead or blank 24, the barrel head blank first having a hole 'cut thereinand the material surrounding the hole formed outwardly into the socket.A surplus of material preferably in the form of an annular bead 25 ispreferably formed at the base of 'the socket 22 or at the innersection'of the socketwith the barrel head. The peripheral contour of thesocket or the contour of the side walls bounding the socket ispreferably formed polygonally of the same shape as that of thesubstantially polygonal contour of the flange of the collar. The flangedcollar is thereafter dropped into the socket and the barrel head is thenplaced on a die member which preferably comprises a series of segments26 of circular shape pivotally mounted on a supporting structure, thesegments preferably extending the full width of the flange.

Referring now more particularly to Fig. 6, a punch member 21 has beenbrought down on the bead 25 of the barrel head member 24, the segmentshaving been pivoted to a changed position, and the side walls of thesocket 22 are crimped inwardly and the material of the beaded Thisrolling operation, which is in effect portion 25 used up so that thesidewalls of the socket converge to engage the tapered edges of thebushing to hold the bushing in a secure assembled relation therein.

In previous forms of bushing constructions which have been disclosed inthe patents above noted, it is necessary to provide a substantial depthof embossing in the barrel head stock and the present inventionmaterially reduces the necessary depth of the embossing or socket whichis very desirable since, in the first place, barrel stock willordinarily not stand the deep draw. By having a uniform circular taperon the edge of the flange, there is no danger of fracturing the barrelstock material at the corners, and it is not necessary to providesegmental jaw members of polygonal shape since it is preferable to usesegmental members, of circular shape. This obviates the necessity forgau 'the barrel head so that the individual octagona jaws register witheach octagonal edge. Then gain, it is easier to draw metal over thearcuate edge than over a polygonal edge because of the sharp projectingcorners of the latter.

While but a single embodiment of this invention is herein shown anddescribed, it is to be understood that various modifications thereof maybe apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from thespirit and scope of this invention and, therefore, the same is only tobe limited by the scope of the prior art and the appended claims. a

I claim:

1. The method of forming a bushing structure which consists in forming aflange on and at substantially right angles to the axis of a cylindricalcollar, and in upsetting the material of the thereof to produce out of asingle thickness of said material inwardly converging edges when viewedin cross-section.

3. The method of forming a bushing structure which consists in forming aflange of circular contour on and at substantially right angles to theaxis of a cylindrical collar, in displacing the material of the flangeabout the periphery therewhich consists in forming a flange on and atsubstantially right angles to the axis of a cylindrical collar, inbacking up one face of the flange, and in displacing the materal of theflange about the periphery thereof in a direction away from thebacked-up face to produce inwardly converging edges when viewed in crosssection. V

6. The method of forming a bushing structure which consists in forming aflange of circular contour on and at substantially right angles to theaxis of a cylindrical collar, in backing up one face of the flange, andin rolling the periphery of the flange to displace the material thereatin a direction away from the backed-up face to produceinwardlymonverging edges when viewed in cross section.

7. The method of forming a bushing structure which consists in forming aflange of circular contour on and at substantially right angles to theaxis of a cylindrical collar, in backing up one face of the flange, inrolling the periphery of the flange to displace the material thereat ina direction away from the backed-up face to produce inwardly convergingedges when viewed in crosssection, and in trimming the flange to producea non-circular periphery.

MORRIS SCHWARTZ.

